पंकज चतुर्वेदी
भारत सरकार के राष्ट्रीय अपराध अनुसंधान ब्यूरो के आंकड़े गवाह हैं कि राजधानी दिल्ली से बीते चार सालों में बच्चों के गुम होने की 27,356 रिपोर्ट दर्ज की गई जिनमें से 19,565 बच्चों को ही तलाशा जा सका। लगभग आठ हजार बच्चों का कुछ पता नहीं चल पाया है। देश में हर साल औसतन 90,000 बच्चों के गुम होने की रिपोर्ट थानों तक पहुंचती हैं जिनमें से 30,000 से ज्यादा का पता नहीं लग पाता है। संसद में पेश आंकड़े के मुताबिक वर्ष 2011 से 2014 के बीच सवा तीन लाख बच्चे लापता हो गए। भारत में करीब 900 संगठित गिरोह हैं जो बच्चे चुराने के काम में नियोजित रूप से सक्रिय हैं जिनके नेटवर्क में कई हजार लोग शामिल हैं।
दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय में स्कूल ऑफ सोशल वर्क के डॉ. केके मुखोपाध्याय के एक शोध-पत्र में लिखा है कि बाल वेश्यावृत्ति का असल कारण विकास से जुड़ा हुआ है और इसे अलग से आर्थिक या सामाजिक समस्या नहीं माना जा सकता। इस शोध में यह भी बात स्पष्ट हुई है कि छोटी उम्र में ही वेश्यावृत्ति के लिए बेची-खरीदी गई बच्चियों में से दो-तिहाई अनुसूचित जातियों, अनुसूचित जनजातियों या बेहद पिछड़ी जातियों से आती हैं। केंद्रीय समाज कल्याण बोर्ड ने कुछ साल पहले एक सर्वेक्षण करवाया था जिसमें बताया गया था कि देश में लगभग एक लाख वेश्याएं हैं जिनमें से 15 प्रतिशत 15 साल से भी कम उम्र की हैं। हालांकि गैर सरकारी संगठनों का दावा है कि ये आंकड़े हकीकत से कई गुणा कम हैं।
इस संदर्भ में राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग की एक रिपोर्ट बेहद डरावनी है जिसमें कहा गया है कि देश में हर साल दर्ज होने वाली 45 हजार से ज्यादा बच्चों की गुमशुदगी की रिपोर्ट में से तकरीबन 11 हजार बच्चों का कोई नामोनिशान तक नहीं मिल पाता है। इनमें से आधे जबरन देह व्यापार में धकेल दिए जाते हैं, शेष से बंधुआ मजदूरी कराई जाती है या फिर उन्हें भीख मांगने पर मजबूर किया जाता है। दो लाख बच्चे तस्करी कर विदेश भेजे जाते हैं जहां उनसे जानवरों की तरह काम लिया जाता है। मानवाधिकर आयोग और यूनिसेफ की एक रिपोर्ट को मानें तो गुम हुए बच्चों में से 20 फीसद बच्चे विरोध के कारण मार दिए जाते हैं। कुछ बच्चे अंग तस्करों के हाथों भी फंसते हैं। भारत में अक्सर गरीब, पिछड़े और अकाल ग्रस्त इलाकों में लड़कियों को उनके पालकों को लालच में फंसा कर शहरों में लाया जाता है और उन्हें देह व्यापार में धकेल दिया जाता है। कई बार शादी के झांसे में भी लड़कियों को फंसाया जाता है।
अभी एक साल पहले ही दिल्ली पुलिस ने राजधानी से लापता बच्च्यिों की तलाश में एक ऐसे गिरोह को पकड़ा था जो बहुत छोटी बच्चियों को उठाता था, फिर उन्हें राजस्थान की पारंपरिक वेश्यावृत्ति के लिए बदनाम एक जाति को बेचा जाता था। फिर दलाल लोग ही बच्चियों के परिवारजन बन कर उन्हें महिला सुधार गृह से छुड़वाते हैं और सुदूर किसी मंडी में फिर उन्हें बेच देते हैं।
इस बात को लेकर सरकार बहुत कम गंभीर है कि भारत, बांग्लादेश, नेपाल जैसे पड़ोसी देशों की गरीब बच्चियों की तिजारत का अतंरराष्ट्रीय बाजार बन गया है। जघन्य तरीके से पेट पालने वाले हर बच्चे के जीवन का अतीत बेहद दर्दनाक होता है। भले ही मुफलिसी को बाल वेश्यावृत्ति के लिए प्रमुख कारण माना जाए, लेकिन इसके और भी कई कारण हैं जो समाज में मौजूद विकृत मन और मस्तिष्क के साक्षी हैं। एक तो एड्स के भूत ने यौनाचारियों को भयभीत कर रखा है लिहाजा वे इसकी आशंका से बचने के लिए छोटी बच्चियों की मांग ज्यादा करते हैं। इसके अलावा देश में कई सौ लोग इन मासूमों का इस्तेमाल पोर्न वीडियो व फिल्में बनाने में कर रहे हैं। अरब देशों में भारत की गरीब मुस्लिम लड़कियों को बाकायदा निकाह करवा कर सप्लाई किया जाता है। यह बात समय-समय पर सामने आती रहती है कि गोवा, पुष्कर जैसे अंतरराष्ट्रीय पर्यटकों के आकर्षण केंद्र बच्चियों की खपत के बड़े केंद्र हैं।
कहने को सरकारी रिकार्ड में कई बड़े दावे व नारे हैं- जैसे वर्ष 1974 में संसद ने बच्चों के संदर्भ में एक राष्ट्रीय नीति पर मुहर लगाई थी जिसमें बच्चों को देश की अमूल्य धरोहर घोषित किया गया था। भारतीय दंड संहिता की धारा 372 में नाबालिग बच्चों की खरीद-फरोख्त करने पर 10 साल तक सजा का प्रवधान है। असल में इस धारा में अपराध को सिद्ध करना बेहद कठिन है, क्योंकि अभी हमारा समाज बाल-वेश्यावृत्ति जैसे कलंक से निकली किसी भी बच्ची के पुनर्वास के लिए सहजता से राजी नहीं है। एक बार जबरिया ही सही इस फिसलन में जाने के बाद खुद परिवार वाले बच्ची को अपनाने को तैयार नहीं होते, ऐसे में भुक्तभोगी से किसी के खिलाफ गवाही की उम्मीद नहीं की जा सकती है।
दुनिया के 174 देशों जिसमें भारत भी शामिल है, के संयुक्त राष्ट्र बाल अधिकार समझौते की धारा 34 में उल्लेख है कि बच्चों को सभी प्रकार के यौन उत्पीड़न से बचाने की जिम्मेदारी सरकार पर है। कहने की जरूरत नहीं है कि यह बात किताबों से आगे नहीं है। कहने को तो देश का संविधान बिना किसी भेदभाव के बच्चों की देखभाल, विकास और अब तो शिक्षा की भी गारंटी देता है, लेकिन इसे नारे से आगे बढ़ाने के लिए न तो इच्छाशक्ति है और न ही धन, जबकि गरीबी, बेराजगारी, पलायन, सामाजिक कुरीतियों, रूढ़िवादी लोगों के लिए बच्चियों को देह व्यापार के धंधे में धकेलने के लिए उनका आर्थिक और आपराधिक तंत्र बेहद ताकतवर है।
आज बच्चों, खासकर बालिकाओं को केवल जीवित रखना ही नहीं, बल्कि उन्हें इस तरह की त्रसदियों से बचाना भी जरूरी है और इसके लिए सरकार की सक्रियता, समाज की जागरूकता और पारंपरिक लोक की सोच में बदलाव जरूरी है।
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Very good blog! Do you have any suggestions for aspiring writers?
I’m hoping to start my own blog soon but I’m a little lost on everything.
Would you advise starting with a free platform like
Wordpress or go for a paid option? There are so many choices out
there that I’m completely overwhelmed .. Any ideas? Bless you!
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